At least CCP came up with something. All other shooters don't even try.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_uploading

EVE capsuleers and DUST mercs are essentially bio-mechanical beings. If anything, we're more cyborg than human. Most of our brains consist of numerous nano-mechanical circuits and biological implants to improve cognitive function, among other things. Essentially, we took our brains and turned them into an even more advanced computer. This "transfer of consciousness" is simply the act of taking one computer's memory storage and transferring it all wirelessly, near-instaneously, to another computer.

There is detailed info about this on Evelopedia, but basically at the moment of death, it scans the state of each neuron, dendrite etc. destroying the source brain in the process, and instantaneously re-creates all that in the clone brain.

If you take an instantaneous snapshot of a process, for example that of consciousness, and instantaneously re-create it somewhere else, it seems like that process would basically be moved somewhere else.

The word transfer implies moving, but really this is just copying. Maybe in Dust its also just copying, but that's not the impression I got from the trailer.

At least CCP came up with something. All other shooters don't even try.

So its really copying and not a transfer, thank you :)

of a copy

I thought it would be copying when I first heard about the game, but I thought somehow the mind was actually transferred somehow when I saw the Fanfest 2012 trailer when they were talking about the Sleeper brain tech.
I wrote some fanfiction about the idea of copying the mind in Dust a long long while ago http://dustmercs.blogspot.com/p/copy-of-psycho-dust-514-based-story.html

of a copy

of a copy

If that's copying then so is Star Trek transporter technology. Every Star Trek character would be the copy of a copy of a copy of a copy of the original. For that matter, each person would be a copy of themselves seven years ago, since all of a human body's cells are replaced every seven years or so.

Copying implies making a duplicate, leaving the original intact. When you copy a file on a computer, you have the original and the copy. When you move a file in a computer, you delete the original, transfer the bits, and recreate the file somewhere else on the computer.

So unless you believe in some metaphysical "soul", the consciousness is basically the state of the brain and the ongoing process of it working. If you capture that and recreate it elsewhere, that's transferring it.

And how would you propose reliably transferring a human consciousness across interstellar distances instantaneously without using magic?

We are Cylons.