Why cant I just have simple adaptive and damage specific shield and Armour mods?

core plate + sentinel = OP

the shield ones would be op on caldari sent and caldari scout.. other then that they seem ok

as recognized in the post. could be fixed by fitting penalty /and removing sentinel bonus

Pretty OP for any suit, and very much favor shields over armor, specially with no penalty to the shield ones; so they aren't very balanced to begin with. I think only allowing 1 to be used per suit would be OK, kind of like Damage control units. But stacking more than one would be a nightmare. Would much rather these never be implemented unless they are heavily moderated for abuse.

Well they'd be balanced in the fact that stacking penalties would still apply, they didn't magically vanish in this scenario. Stacking penalties along with the fact that you are swapping out HP for resistance for both armor and shields.
If anything this would be in favor of armor since armor already has a high HP ceiling so you really wouldn't have to worry about having low HP for resistance like you would for shields.

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Three of these would be 41% damage reduction even with a stacking penalty. Also a 41% damage reduction doesn't mean a 41% increase to your HP. It means incoming damage is cut by 41% if your using shields and engage at long ranges you will be immortal to weapons outside their optimal. If you use armor and all you do is rep without plates you will be immortal as long as you can control your HP. But when I say it favors shields more is that stacking these vs shields then stacking armor plates creates an impenetrable first line of defense, regardless if it's a shield suit or armor. This also renders weapon with low dps useless as they will hit a brick wall when they get people down to 55/40%. Stacking these even with a stacking penalty provides with an incredible amount of defense. So limiting them to just one is more than enough.

I agree, it has potential to be a blatant OP module should it not be very limiting.

However if we look at vehicle hardeners, they are CPU/PG hogs! What if these modules were so intensive that it would be a fit wrecker, and theoretically impossible to stack, like having 2 cloaks. Make it a severely limiting module that complex would trash a good third of your fit.

EDIT: Your logic about damage v. resistance is correct but overlooking some things. For instance if 55% shields is 300 HP, then you can only take about 353 damage before shields deplete (with complex) and the module ceases to function. So it does increase your HP but not in direct correlation to your HP amount. Anything beyond 353 damage does not become a factor to the module at that point, because it cannot defend more than what it's shields can handle, so in reality the module, in this scenario, subtracts 15% of damage up until it reaches the threshold of 353.

I didn't state that this is more of a rough fluid idea, something that I WANT subjugated to change and common opinion. I'm thinking about editing so that the values reflect damage mods, because via sequence of operations the core plate/extender would beat out the damage mod and then some still.